Published at 2020-05-04 10:04
Author：zhixy
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The essential points in nomenclature are as follows. (1) Aim at stability of names. (2) Avoid or reject the use of names which may cause error or confusion. (3) Avoid the useless creation of names. (4) Nothing in this Code may be construed to restrict the freedom of taxonomic thought or action. Note. “Name” in this Code is used to refer to scientific names applied to prokaryotes (see Chapter 3, Section 3).
命名的要点如下: (1) 目标是名称的稳定性。 (2) 避免或拒绝使用可能导致错误或混淆的名称。 (3) 避免无用的创建名称。 (4) 本法则的任何规定不得解释为限制分类思想或行动的自由。
The nomenclature of prokaryotes is not independent of botanical and zoological nomenclature. When naming new taxa in the rank of genus or higher, due consideration is to be given to avoiding names which are regulated by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature and the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants.
Note. This principle takes effect with publication of acceptance of this change by the ICSP (from November 2000) and is not retroactive. Although not complete, an extensive list of names of zoological taxa is maintained by the Zoological Record, a list of botanical taxa, including higher plants, algae and cyanobacteria, botanical protists and fungi is maintained by the Index Nominum Genericorum (ING), the Names in Current Use and the International Mycological Institute (Bioscience index of fungi).
原核生物的命名不独立于植物学和动物学的命名。 在命名属或更高等级的新类群时，应适当考虑避免受《国际动物命名法则》及《国际藻类、真菌和植物命名法则》规范的名称。
The scientific names of all taxa are Latin or latinized words treated as Latin regardless of their origin. They are usually taken from Latin or Greek (see Chapter 3, Section 9, and Appendix 9).
所有分类群的科学名称都是拉丁语或拉丁词，不管它们的起源如何，都被视为拉丁语。 它们通常取自拉丁语或希腊语。
The primary purpose of giving a name to a taxon is to supply a means of referring to it rather than to indicate the characters or the history of the taxon.
给一个分类群取名的主要目的是提供一种引用它的手段，而不是标示分类群的特征或历史。
The application of the names of taxa is determined by means of nomenclatural types, referred to in this Code as types (see Chapter 3, Section 4).
分类群名称的应用是通过命名典型来确定的，在本法则中称为典型。
The correct name of a taxon is based upon valid publication, legitimacy and priority of publication (see Chapter 3, Section 5).
分类群的正确名称基于有效的发表、合法性和发表优先权。
A name of a taxon has no status under the Rules and no claim to recognition unless it is validly published (see Chapter 3, Section 5).
只有生效发表的分类单元名称才具有法则规定的地位，才会被承认。
Each order or taxon of a lower rank with a given circumscription, position, and rank can bear only one correct name, i.e., the earliest that is in accordance with the Rules of this Code. Provision has been made for exceptions to this Principle (see Rules 23a and 23b and the Statutes of the ICSP).
Note 1. The name of a species is a binary combination of generic name and specific epithet. Note 2. (i) By circumscription is meant an indication of the limits of a taxon, (ii) by position is meant the higher taxon in which a taxon is placed when there may be alternatives (see also Rule 23a) and (iii) by rank is meant level in the hierarchial sequence of taxonomic categories.
具有给定的范围、位置和等级的目，或以下等级的分类群，只能有一个正确的名称，即符合本规则的最早的名称。 本原则的例外情况也有相关条款规定。
注1，物种的名称是通用名称和特定表位的二元组合。 注2，(i) 限定是指一个分类单元的界限，(ii) 位置是指在可能存在替代办法时将一个分类单元放置在其中的较高分类单元，(iii) 等级是指分类类别的等级序列中的水平。
The name of a taxon should not be changed without sufficient reason based either on further taxonomic studies or on the necessity of giving up a nomenclature that is contrary to the Rules of this Code.
除非通过进一步的分类学研究获得充分的理由，或违反了本法则，分类单元的名称不得改变。
